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6월 30일 Charismatic and Soulful, a Maturing Star of JazzEsperanza Spalding carried herself like a worldbeater at Central Park SummerStage on Sunday afternoon, and resistance was largely futile. In her ebullient singing and her agile bass playing, Ms. Spalding radiated a cyclone-force charisma, along with the fresh-faced self-conviction that only precocity can bestow. But the hourlong show was more than a reminder of her talent. It was heartening confirmation of her recent growth: as an artist, a bandleader, a vocalist and a star attraction, if not always in that order.
Ms. Spalding is 24, and she has been gathering accolades since her student years, initially from other musicians. Her second album, “Esperanza” (Heads Up), changed the game by focusing chiefly on her vocals. At a time when most jazz falls outside the borders of mainstream culture, Ms. Spalding grabbed the spotlight and held it; last month she joined the handful of musicians who have performed, so far, in the Obama White House. At SummerStage she was second on the bill, appearing after the lanky, young New Orleans pianist Jonathan Batiste and before the powder-keg R&B singer Ledisi. In each case the juxtaposition was instructive. Mr. Batiste, singing from the piano as he led an underrehearsed large group, exposed the pitfalls of the jazz prodigy turned singer: sloppiness, overconfidence, deficiencies in endowment or judgment. (His cover of “Billie Jean,” mashed up against Curtis Mayfield’s “Move On Up,” was disastrous.) Ledisi’s set delivered a harder jolt of personality, with the strident clarity of her voice set against moving currents of gospel and funk. Her band left nothing to chance, muscling through each groove. And while her lyrics could be ruminative — “Everything Changes,” from an album due out in August, preached enlightened resignation — she was intent on keeping energies high. During a Stevie Wonder-like jam on “Today,” she plunged into the crowd to hector personally any people still sitting on their picnic blankets. If Ms. Spalding’s background marks her as a kindred spirit to Mr. Batiste, her instincts place her squarely in the Ledisi camp. Her performance was an exercise in bedazzlement, beginning with a supple hip-hop reinvention of “Jazz (Ain’t Nothin’ but Soul),” a song associated with Betty Carter. The busy briskness of the melody, together with the stop-start patterns in the arrangement, established the groundwork for her set. Ms. Spalding is savvy enough to recognize her vocal strengths: a clear, lightly sultry timbre and a springy flexibility within her range. So “She Got to You,” an original, found her pattering over a samba churn. She sang the standard “Body and Soul” in breezy but relaxed 5/4 swing. Her prowess was mainly expressed through rhythm, though she ended certain phrases at a half-crouch, hitting a stentorian high note and then drawing it wide. Elsewhere, with her adaptable crew — the pianist Leo Genovese, the guitarist Ricardo Vogt and the drummer Otis Brown — she explored a crossroads of Latin music and jazz-funk, wisely leaving out her own more callow songs. One original that she did include was “I Know You Know,” at the set’s close. The last line she sang was “I’m not going away,” and she had to know how shrewd it sounded.
Nate Chinen, The New York Times, 30.06.09 http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/30/arts/music/30summer.html?ref=music Ai Weiwei, apôtre chinois de la contestation socialeDans le paysage chinois de 2009, l'homme est d'une essence inclassable. Ni dissident professionnel ni chantre de la «Nouvelle Chine». Ai Weiwei est le codesigner du Stade national, l'emblématique Nid d'oiseau des Jeux olympiques. Mais cet artiste hors champ est aussi un acteur social engagé et son blog cogne à «posts» raccourcis sur tout ce que le système peut sécréter d'injustice et d'arbitraire. Sa dernière facétie est d'appeler demain ses compatriotes à une «grève d'Internet». Parce que, depuis quelques mois, les «autorités chinoises ont considérablement renforcé leur contrôle, fermant des milliers de sites et de blogs sous le prétexte fallacieux de lutter contre les contenus pornographiques ou malsains». Pékin tente d'imposer un logiciel de contrôle installé sur tout ordinateur vendu en Chine, décision qui a suscité la colère d'une majorité d'internautes chinois et contre laquelle Washington est parti en guerre. Alors qu'il se félicitait il y a encore peu que son blog, l'un des plus célèbres de Chine, soit le seul au ton aussi violent qui ne soit pas bloqué, l'artiste raconte que le couperet est tombé début juin, au moment du 20e anniversaire de Tiananmen. Il est aujourd'hui hébergé à l'étranger et n'est plus accessible en Chine. Des photos y montrent le provocateur faire un doigt d'honneur place Tiananmen, ou avec l'inscription «fuck off» sur son torse nu devant le célèbre portrait géant de Mao… Les mois précédents, Ai Weiwei avait déjà dû ferrailler avec la censure. Parce que les autorités se refusaient à publier la liste des élèves morts dans la catastrophe du Sichuan de mai 2008, il avait entrepris de leur rendre cette mémoire volée. En menant sa propre enquête. «J'avais pensé à une œuvre artistique en hommage aux victimes. Puis j'ai décidé de changer de registre. M'entendre dire qu'une liste d'enfants morts est “secret d'État” était insupportable.» Ai Weiwei a d'abord lancé une campagne de harcèlement téléphonique des cadres locaux. Puis il a engagé des dizaines de volontaires pour sillonner la campagne meurtrie, visiter les familles, relever les noms des écoles, des classes, des élèves. «Ils ont eu un courage fou, car les autorités locales les considéraient comme des agents secrets. C'est hallucinant.» Dans sa grande maison, où il vit avec une quarantaine de chats à distance de l'agitation du centre de Pékin, les murs des bureaux où s'activent architectes et designers sont recouverts de vertigineuses listes de noms de jeunes victimes du séisme. Elles ont été publiées avec constance sur le blog d'Ai Weiwei, et les censeurs du Web se sont employés à les effacer avec la même assiduité. «Comment la police peut-elle harceler et intimider des parents qui ont perdu leurs enfants, qui ont tout perdu ?, se demande Ai Weiwei. Cette double peine est terrifiante.» Pour lui, il est évident que le séisme a révélé de sérieux problèmes de construction. Le combat semble avoir porté ses fruits, Pékin s'étant décidé au bout d'un an à publier le compte des petites vies brisées : 5 335 morts ou disparus. Mais à l'aune du travail déjà réalisé, Ai Weiwei estime le bilan à plus de 6 000. L'artiste avoue désormais consacrer le plus clair de son temps, «14 heures par jour», à son blog et à ses écrits. «Ces trois dernières années, j'ai suivi tous les grands problèmes sociaux du pays», explique-t-il. Ai Weiwei peut se permettre des hardiesses qui vaudraient à d'autres de sérieux ennuis. Deux choses le protègent, sans doute. Être le fils du grand poète Ai Qing. Et avoir mis son génie au service de la grande cause nationale des Jeux olympiques. Mais ces derniers temps, la surveillance policière a passé la vitesse supérieure. Sabreur de l'absurde et de l'injuste, il pense quand même que les choses vont dans le bon sens en Chine, même si la société civile et les ONG peinent encore à exister. L'artiste a signé la fameuse «charte 08», apparue en décembre 2008, et qui propose un plan de démocratisation pour le pays. Son adhésion à ce texte, qui a suscité une réaction virulente du régime, est atypique. «Franchement, je n'ai pas lu le texte attentivement, explique-t-il, mais je l'ai signé parce que mon ami l'écrivain Lu Xiaobo a été arrêté pour cela. On ne prive pas quelqu'un de liberté parce qu'il a juste contribué à rédiger une plate-forme d'idées.» Avec le cinéaste Zhang Yimou, Ai Weiwei fait partie, en 1978, de la première génération d'étudiants de la Beijing Film Academy. Il est ensuite de la première vague des artistes chinois d'avant-garde, appelés «The Stars». S'ensuivra, à partir de 1981, une longue période américaine de douze ans, avec un passage par la prestigieuse Parsons the New School for Design de New York. D retour en Chine en 1993, il s'implique dans des magazines d'art underground. Ce touche-à-tout de l'expression artistique ne se connaît finalement qu'une spécialité : «La révolution, s'amuse-t-il à dire. J'aime faire changer les structures, casser les règles, les normes.» Aimablement provocateur, cet homme de 51 ans ressemble à un bouddha sympathique qui se serait laissé pousser une sauvage barbe poivre et sel.«Les artistes sont avant tous des hommes, estime-t-il. Toutes mes œuvres veulent exprimer une valeur, une vérité, sinon, à quoi bon ?» Aimant les marches et les marges, il se tient à l'écart du monde artistique chinois. Justement parce qu'il comprend mal que ces talents ne mettent pas leur créativité au service de «plus de vérité, plus de justice sociale, seule garante de l'épanouissement des individus».Entre deux salves sur Internet, Ai Weiwei prépare des expositions à Tokyo, Munich, Madrid, Londres et peut-être Paris. Il travaille aussi sur deux téléfilms, sur le Sichuan et sur Yang Jia, cet homme qui a été jugé pour avoir tué six policiers dans un commissariat de Shanghaï l'an dernier. Un acte fou, mais consécutif à une brimade policière, ce qui a valu au meurtrier une popularité aussi étonnante que massive sur l'Internet chinois.Dans une Chine où artistes et intellectuels savent jusqu'où ne pas aller trop loin, Ai Weiwei aime se promener sur la frontière, la franchir même, souvent. «Je ne sais pas jusqu'où je peux aller, chaque jour réserve des événements imprévisibles, mais je n'ai pas le choix, c'est ma raison de vivre.» La vie lui apparaît finalement assez similaire à la navigation. «Vous savez que vous finirez un jour par toucher un rocher, mais cela ne sert à rien de se paralyser en cherchant à deviner le moment.»
Arnaud de La Grange, Le Figaro, 30.06.09 Alberto Contador: "Me cuesta sacar todo el carácter"Alberto Contador Velasco nació en Pinto (Madrid) hace 26 años. Es el único ciclista español que ha ganado el Tour (2007), el Giro (2008) y la Vuelta (2008). Parte como principal favorito del Tour de Francia, que da comienzo el próximo sábado en Mónaco.
¿Qué habría sido de no dedicarse al ciclismo profesional?
Xavier G. Luque, La Vanguardia, 30.06.09 In a Coup in Honduras, Ghosts of Past U.S. PoliciesPresident Obama on Monday strongly condemned the ouster of Honduras’s president as an illegal coup that set a “terrible precedent” for the region, as the country’s new government defied international calls to return the toppled president to power and clashed with thousands of protesters.
“We do not want to go back to a dark past,” Mr. Obama said, in which military coups override elections. “We always want to stand with democracy,” he added. The crisis in Honduras, where members of the country’s military abruptly awakened President Manuel Zelaya on Sunday and forced him out of the country in his bedclothes, is pitting Mr. Obama against the ghosts of past American foreign policy in Latin America. The United States has a history of backing rival political factions and instigating coups in the region, and administration officials have found themselves on the defensive in recent days, dismissing repeated allegations by President Hugo Chávez of Venezuela that the C.I.A. may have had a hand in the president’s removal. Obama administration officials said that they were surprised by the coup on Sunday. But they also said that they had been working for several weeks to try to head off a political crisis in Honduras as the confrontation between Mr. Zelaya and the military over his efforts to lift presidential term limits escalated. The United States has long had strong ties to the Honduras military and helps train Honduran military forces. Those close ties have put the Obama administration in a difficult position, opening it up to accusations that it may have turned a blind eye to the pending coup. Administration officials strongly deny the charges, and Mr. Obama’s quick response to the Honduran president’s removal has differed sharply from the actions of the Bush administration, which in 2002 offered a rapid, tacit endorsement of a short-lived coup against Mr. Chávez. On June 2, Obama administration officials got a firsthand look at the brewing political battle when Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton traveled to Honduras for an Organization of American States conference. Mrs. Clinton met with Mr. Zelaya, and he reportedly annoyed her when he summoned her to a private room late in the night after her arrival and had her shake hands with his extended family. During a more formal meeting afterward, they discussed Mr. Zelaya’s plans for a referendum that would have laid the groundwork for an assembly to remake the Constitution, a senior administration official said. But American officials did not believe that Mr. Zelaya’s plans for the referendum were in line with the Constitution, and were worried that it would further inflame tensions with the military and other political factions, administration officials said. Even so, one administration official said that while the United States thought the referendum was a bad idea, it did not justify a coup. “On the one instance, we’re talking about conducting a survey, a nonbinding survey; in the other instance, we’re talking about the forcible removal of a president from a country,” the official said, speaking on the condition of anonymity during a teleconference call with reporters. As the situation in Honduras worsened, Assistant Secretary of State Thomas A. Shannon Jr., along with Hugo Llorens, the American ambassador to Honduras, spoke with Mr. Zelaya, military officials and opposition leaders, administration officials said. Then things reached a boil last Wednesday and Thursday, when Mr. Zelaya fired the leader of the armed forces and the Supreme Court followed up with a declaration that Mr. Zelaya’s planned referendum was illegal. The White House and the State Department had Mr. Llorens “talk with the parties involved, to tell them, ‘You have to talk your way through this,’ ” a senior administration official said Monday. “ ‘You can’t do anything outside the bounds of your constitution.’ ” Still, administration officials said that they did not expect that the military would go so far as to carry out a coup. “There was talk of how they might remove the president from office, how he could be arrested, on whose authority they could do that,” the administration official said. But the official said that the speculation had focused on legal maneuvers to remove the president, not a coup. Whether Mr. Zelaya merited removal remains a strong point of debate in Honduras. Fierce clashes erupted Monday between thousands of soldiers and thousands of Mr. Zelaya’s backers. The protesters blocked streets, set fires and hurled stones at the soldiers, who fired tear gas in response. But opponents of Mr. Zelaya said they intended to rally Tuesday in support of his ouster. On the diplomatic front, three of the country’s neighbors — Guatemala, El Salvador and Nicaragua — said they would halt commerce along their borders for 48 hours. Beyond that, Venezuela and some of its allies, including Ecuador, Bolivia, Nicaragua and Cuba, said they were withdrawing their ambassadors from Honduras in an effort to isolate the new government. Brazil also said it had ordered its ambassador to Honduras, who was out of the country at the time of the coup, not to return until further notice. In the face of criticism from across the hemisphere, the new government hunkered down in Mr. Zelaya’s old office, ringed by soldiers and defending its actions as a bid to save the country’s democracy, not undermine it. Roberto Micheletti, the veteran congressional leader who was sworn in by his fellow lawmakers on Sunday to replace Mr. Zelaya, seemed to plead with the world to understand that Mr. Zelaya’s arrest by the army had been under an official arrest warrant based on his flouting of the Constitution. “We respect the whole world, and we only ask that they respect us and leave us in peace,” Mr. Micheletti said in a radio interview, noting that previously scheduled elections called for November would go on as planned. Mr. Zelaya said from Nicaragua late Monday that he would return to Honduras on Thursday with the secretary general of the Organization of American States, José Miguel Insulza, Reuters reported. “He’s the former president of Honduras now,” said Ramón Abad Custodio, the president of the National Commission of Human Rights, who defends the replacement of Mr. Zelaya as constitutional. “He may feel like he’s still president, but he’s a common citizen now.”
Helene Cooper and Mark Lacey, The New York Times, 30.06.09 http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/30/world/americas/30honduras.html?ref=americas Hank Jones, ouverture grandiose de Jazz à ViennePremier concert, samedi 27 juin, des quatorze nuits pléthoriques de Jazz à Vienne (jusqu'au 10 juillet). Fondateur, programmateur, directeur, Jean-Paul Boutellier et une machine huilée. 22 heures : 8 000 personnes debout dans l'amphithéâtre romain. Sur scène, en un étrange cercle d'intimité, les douze musiciens et chanteuses de l'organiste Cheick Tidiane Seck entourent Monsieur Hank Jones, comme pour protéger un secret.
Le pianiste Hank Jones, né dans le Mississippi, élevé dans le Michigan, est le plus modeste des génies du siècle. La nuit vient de descendre. Près de deux heures d'une épopée ininterrompue : la recréation sur scène de l'album historique Sarala (1995), dont Cheick le généreux a presque tout écrit après huit mois d'échanges intenses. Anges gardiens de ce désir exprimé par Hank Jones, Jean-Philippe Allard et Daniel Richard, pour le label Verve. Toujours est-il que Sarala a eu un succès fou. Toujours est-il qu'au milieu de ses quatre formules sur les routes de l'été, du solo au quintet, Hank Jones s'est laissé convaincre par Vienne de jouer Sarala : moins concert que drame musical ; moins performance qu'expérience heureuse. D'exquises parties de piano et des tonnerres rythmiques. Plus, sur Make, une très expressive danse du bassin par la chanteuse Mamani Kouyaté. Complet cravate en coulisse, Hank Jones apparaît en scène avec toque de chasseur et bogolan rituel. Style docteur honoris causa d'un collège d'Oxford. Cheick, de son côté, arbore une toque dogon. Autour, calebasses, dumdums et djembés, ça roule, ça chante, ça pleure ou ça gémit, mais qu'est-ce que ça joue, mes aïeux : de Hank Miri ("les pensées de Hank") à Polka Dots and Moonbeams, standard pris pour finir au piano seul, en passant par un douloureux Motherless Child. Hank Jones est un géant du jazz, à l'égal de Charlie Parker, Miles Davis, Stan Getz ou Ella Fitzgerald - il a joué avec tous. Famille ouvrière, aîné d'une dynastie de musiciens, il cultive une élégance aussi raffinée que sa moustache. Il figure sur plus d'un millier d'albums. On le verra de nouveau à Vienne le mardi 30 juin, avec Martial Solal et une pléiade de pianistes. Hank Jones n'aime pas plus le mot de jazz que celui de be-bop. Il en tient pour la "modernité" et "l'art des gentlemen". Dans sa carrière, Sarala fait figure d'apothéose symbolique. Est-il permis de passer sous silence la suite d'un programme fastueux (les nuits sont longues à Vienne), quand elle prend nom d'Oumou Sangaré (chanteuse) ou de Youssou N'Dour ? Non. Simplement, on fait le choix de l'emblème. Tout le reste en découle. Nuit de folie. Démarrage en trombe. Les hirondelles jouent du balafon dans les nuages. Le 31 juillet prochain, Hank Jones aura 91 ans.
Francis Marmande, Le Monde, 30.06.09
De superestrella de rock, salvador en África y lince de las inversiones especulativasSi U2 toca su canción Elevation hoy en el Camp Nou habrá quienes quizás levanten un mechero pensando en su mensaje espiritual: "Elevas mi alma". Pero los auténticos fans de Bono deberían cerrar los ojos y pensar en el fondo de inversiones Elevation Partners, fundado hace tres años con casi 2.000 millones de dólares de capital y del que Bono es el principal socio financiero.
Porque si Bono ha combinado con maestría los papeles de superestrella de rock, salvador de África y lince de las inversiones en Wall Street, la fusión no va a resultar tan fácil en tiempos de crisis. Elevation Partners -tras realizar inversiones suicidas como la compra de la revista de billonarios Forbes- ha perdido millones. Aún peor, tras el colapso de las finanzas públicas en Irlanda, hasta los fans más históricos del rockero irlandés en Dublín se quejan de la decisión de U2 de cambiar su residencia fiscal a Amsterdam para evitar impuestos sobre casi 1.000 millones de euros de patrimonio e ingresos por casi 90 millones de euros al año. Habría sido "hipocresía de verdad (…) no utilizar el centro de servicios financieros en Holanda", se defendió Bono, que nació Paul David Hewson, de padre católico y madre anglicana en un barrio de clase media de Dublín en mayo de 1960. Casi 50 años después, según cuenta en su última columna de The New York Times,acude a "catedrales grandiosas e iglesias humildes en busca de mi alma".
Andy Robinson, La Vanguardia, 30.06.09 Vigilante Justice and Constant Fear in South Africa SlumThe two robbery suspects had already been viciously beaten, their swollen faces stained with rivulets of red. One of them could no longer sit up, and only the need to moan seemed to revive him into consciousness. The other, Moses Tjiwa, occasionally stared into the taunting crowd and muttered, “I didn’t do anything.”
The suspects were awaiting the final cathartic wrath of the mob, the torment of being burned alive, wrapped in the fatal shawl of a gasoline-soaked blanket. Then suddenly they were saved from that hideous death by the brave intervention of a local politician. “Let the police handle this,” he implored. As usual, the police arrived late on that recent evening, and many in the mob angrily objected to their being there at all. Finally, one police inspector shouted: “Get back or I’m leaving this place and never helping you people again. I hate Diepsloot!” Crime in South Africa is commonly portrayed as an onslaught against the wealthy, but it is the poor who are most vulnerable: poor people conveniently accessible to poor criminals. Diepsloot, an impoverished settlement on the northern edge of Johannesburg, has an estimated population of 150,000, and the closest police station is 10 miles away. To spend time in Diepsloot over three weeks is to observe the unrelenting fear so common among the urban poor. Experts point to the particularly brutal nature of crime in this country: the unusually high number of rapes, hijackings and armed robberies. The murder rate, while declining, is about eight times higher than in the United States. In Diepsloot, people usually bear their losses in silence, their misfortune unreported and their offenders unknown. If a suspect is identified, victims usually inform quasi-legal vigilante groups or hire their own thugs to recover their property. There is also the impromptu mob justice, when an apprehended suspect becomes the sacrificial culprit for a thousand grievances. Even Jacob Zuma, the new president, says that citizens cannot be “blamed if they take the law into their own hands.” In one way or another, most already do. Among the wealthy, private security is the substitute for police protection. The open veldt surrounding Johannesburg is filling in with one barricaded development after another, fortified with electrified fencing, cameras and armed patrols. But the poor have no money for such defenses. Robbery is the most common crime in Diepsloot, a place where most every door is flimsy and each pathway a peril. Five-pound hammers are commonly used in assaults. Thieves hide easily in the darkness, preying on those who begin their walk to work before dawn and return after nightfall. In the case where the mob turned its rage on Mr. Tjiwa and another man, Philip Dlamini, a young woman had been toting a satchel with about $500, the day’s proceeds from the grocery where she worked. Mr. Dlamini, accused of snatching the bag away, was quickly seized. A beating made him give up the name of an abettor, Mr. Tjiwa, who at the time was beginning an evening of beer at Themba’s Bottle Shop. “What’s this about?” he recalled demanding as he was being wrenched away. “You know what it’s about,” his accusers said, smacking his head with the metal end of a spade. A mob’s haste sometimes leads to irredeemable errors. A few days later, Superintendent Sam Mokgonyana, the commander of the police station closest to Diepsloot, speculated that neither Mr. Dlamini nor Mr. Tjiwa was involved in the robbery. Rather, he supposed, the woman carrying the cash was in league with others in some inside conspiracy. “She should have been the first one arrested,” he said. Then he sighed before adding, “I wish I had 100 more men like me so I could do some proper policing.” South Africa is a young democracy, and people have yet to trust the government for protection. Under apartheid, the police were agents of state repression. Now, says Antony Altbeker, a criminologist, attitudes toward law enforcement have “turned from hatred into contempt.” By international standards, the South African Police Service has an adequate amount of manpower per capita, though it is an undersized force in relation to the amount of violence. Whatever the measure, people here often dismiss the police as bunglers at best and crooks at worst. In Diepsloot, an arrest is usually seen as a way to gain the leverage needed to exact a bribe. While Superintendent Mokgonyana agreed some of his officers were corrupt, he insisted a larger share of the venality rested with prosecutors and the courts. The superintendent is new to this command and said he tried to keep at least six vehicles on patrol in Diepsloot, but said that the few paved roads did not penetrate the contorted pathways of the shacks. Officers rarely move on foot among the hovels of salvaged metal and wood. With nightfall, the people themselves are loath to venture out. On May 17, shortly after midnight, robbers shot up Ndlovu’s Tavern, killing a man and wounding 12 others. While the gunshots likely awakened hundreds, those who hear everything most often believe it is wise to do nothing. The heist lasted three hours. Some of the robbers leisurely played snooker while others did the hard work of carrying away crates of beer. The customers had been ordered to lie face down on the floor, and one of the gunmen selected a Freddie Gwala tune on the jukebox and danced on the backs of his captives. That killing was the first of four that week in Diepsloot. “Nobody helped,” George Ndlovu, the tavern’s owner, said of his neighbors. “I don’t blame them. I would not have helped.” Diepsloot is something of a depository for South Africans forcibly evicted from other overcrowded townships and a collection point for immigrants. It is divided into 12 “extensions.” The better areas have government-built houses. The worst have only the haphazard shacks, with no light except that provided by kerosene and paraffin. Water trickles from communal taps. Toilets are the portable kind found on construction sites. The police now park a small trailer in Extension 1, but the officers there deal only with paperwork. A red-brick police station stands on the township’s northern perimeter, but those inside are unarmed municipal officers responsible for traffic, not crime. “Even if you know who robbed you, there is not much you can do,” said David Kaise, a day laborer who was recently parted from $50 and his cellphone. But he did try, taking his troubles to the Comrades, a group of vigilantes available for hire. They hang out amid the squalor of Extension 1, nursing bottles of Black Label beer as they await the next customer. Their methods are notorious. They chain prisoners down and pour saltwater on their buttocks to soften the skin. Then they wield a heavy plastic cane called a sjambok. A dozen or so whacks are usually enough. “The sjambok is very good medicine,” wisecracked Evens Matamisa, a slender man with dreadlocks and the Comrades’ vice chairman. “We bring people to our office. It is the best clinic in town for giving the medicine.” Those who fight crime and those who commit it are too often the same. The Comrades required a $20 fee before accepting Mr. Kaise’s “case,” and then returned with only the phone, which was broken. The day laborer regretted his decision. “The guy who robbed me must have paid them more,” he said. Each of the extensions has a “community policing forum,” a legally empowered group of volunteers meant to assist the police — and very often to act in lieu of them. They vary in size and tactics, but many hunt down suspects and handcuff them. As punishments, they impose fines. They demolish shacks. They sometimes apply beatings. President Zuma is an advocate for these forums and has spoken approvingly of the “instant justice” they provide. His party, the African National Congress, has called for a “massive” expansion of community policing, with stipends paid to young enlistees. But police work is dangerous and citizen vigilantes are most often unarmed. Julius Malepe, the forum chairman of Extension 7, complained that his group had apprehended several suspects only to find them back on the street within days. Then the criminals get angry with him and that puts his life in danger, he said. “We do the job for the police and at the end of the day, they get a fat check and we get nothing,” Mr. Malepe said. That complaint came a month before Mr. Malepe was murdered. Early one Saturday this month, he led two dozen unarmed civilian “patrollers” through the neighborhood. Their vigil ended at 3 a.m., and the forum chairman and another man, Samuel Matari, walked home. As they passed the New Creation Missionaries church, they were confronted by four gunmen. “We’ve been warning you,” one of the assailants called out, according to Mr. Matari. He and his friend ran for their lives. Mr. Malepe, the earnest, gap-toothed chairman of Extension 7, was shot down on one of the many undulating dirt roads of Diepsloot, falling dead in the darkness just a few feet from the Fly by Night Tavern.
Barry Bearak, The New York Times, 30.06.09 http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/30/world/africa/30safrica.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1&ref=world Regards croisés sur l'immigrationQuitter son pays, voyager, atterrir quelque part, s'y poser - si possible sur ses pieds. C'est la rengaine, mille fois répétée, des immigrés venus chercher une vie meilleure en Europe. Mais comment dire en images le déracinement ? Comment montrer les banlieues sans tomber dans les clichés ? Deux expositions à Paris s'attellent à cette tâche. Signées chacune par un membre de l'agence Magnum, elles présentent pourtant des partis pris radicalement différents - avec des fortunes diverses.
A la Cité de l'immigration, le Français Patrick Zachmann résume vingt-sept ans de travail sur le thème de la banlieue, de l'immigration et de l'identité, à travers une exposition éclatée (onze séries), inégale et pourtant attachante. Ce travail assez classique prend un tour particulier, sensible, en raison de l'implication du photographe. "C'est à travers les images des autres que je me suis approché de ma propre identité", dit-il dans le catalogue. Les parents de Patrick Zachmann venaient d'ailleurs : son père était un juif ashkénaze d'origine polonaise, sa mère une juive séfarade venue d'Algérie. Entre les séries sur la banlieue, Patrick Zachmann a intercalé images et films qui touchent à sa quête personnelle. Au fil des ans, il a comblé les silences de son histoire lacunaire : le trajet de son père, le souvenir de ses grands-parents morts à Auschwitz. Pour cela, il a photographié sa famille au fond des yeux et interrogé son père proche de la mort dans un film à la fois maladroit et terrible. Pendant le même temps, de 1980 à 2007, Patrick Zachmann a saisi la banlieue de l'intérieur, en prenant son temps. Les images, ponctuées par les mots des gens, disent la vie quotidienne, avec ses petits riens et son ennui. Une des séries les plus réussies, "Implosion", est aussi une des plus simples : une séquence de quatre images montre la destruction d'une barre de la cité des 4 000 à La Courneuve en 1985. Après l'explosion, le nuage de poussière se dissipe, dégageant la vue vers... d'autres tours. Il est des séries un peu convenues (les femmes en boubous colorés). Mais dans certains travaux, le photographe a su intégrer le temps et l'espace, pour rendre la complexité d'existences échouées là au prix de ruptures majeures. Un bel ensemble est consacré à un atelier photo que Patrick Zachmann a animé auprès de jeunes écorchés vifs des quartiers nord de Marseille, en 1984. Revenu sur les lieux vingt ans plus tard, il a retrouvé confirmées les vies difficiles qui se dessinaient : ces destins sombres épousent celui des cités françaises. Ainsi exposé, ce kaléidoscope de la banlieue fonctionne ; il aboutit en revanche à un catalogue indigeste. Le travail de Jim Goldberg, à la Fondation Henri Cartier-Bresson, est d'un tout autre ordre. Cet Américain n'a jamais fait de la photographie comme tout le monde : dans les années 1970, avec sa série Rich and Poor, il demandait déjà à ses sujets d'écrire à la main des commentaires sur les photos. Le résultat, incroyable de férocité, est exposé à la galerie Magnum à Paris et vaut le déplacement. Avec "Open See", son grand projet sur l'immigration, ce photographe lauréat du prix Cartier-Bresson 2007 va bien plus loin dans sa recherche formelle. Il varie les formats, fait de la vidéo, expose des objets. "Je ne voulais pas enchaîner les histoires tristes les unes après les autres comme dans un talk-show, explique le photographe, de passage à Paris. Je cherche une forme qui puisse marquer le spectateur." Le photographe a entrepris une odyssée de six ans pour raconter les dessous et les motivations de l'immigration en Europe : pauvreté, prostitution, guerres, mafias... Parti de Grèce, il s'est rendu dans les régions d'origine des migrants, en Ukraine, au Bangladesh et en Afrique, pour en rapporter des histoires terribles. A la Fondation Henri Cartier-Bresson, les images ne sont pas alignées mais regroupées par grappes. Sur des Polaroid forts et poignants, les migrants ont écrit des appels à l'aide, raturé leur visage, souligné leurs cicatrices. Comme cet unijambiste qui a recréé en pointillés sa jambe manquante et le fusil qui l'en a privé. Ces images rudes et brutes alternent avec de splendides tableaux très léchés. Le tout est réussi et laisse sourdre une forte mélancolie. Mais l'ambiance rêveuse, l'accrochage alambiqué et les légendes parcellaires ont leur revers : ils finissent par créer un bel objet d'art impersonnel, qu'on admire sans s'impliquer, éloignant le spectateur de ces vies brisées au lieu de l'en approcher.
Claire Guillot, Le Monde, 30.06.09
Los Sin Tierra brasileños desafían al opositor SerraCon un gesto real y simbólico a la vez, el Movimiento de los Trabajadores Sin Tierra (MST), la institución revolucionaria campesina más importante de América Latina, ha querido enviar al presidente brasileño, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, el mensaje de que estarán a su lado el año próximo apoyando a la que posiblemente será su candidata a las elecciones presidenciales, la ministra Dilma Rousseff.
El gesto es real: cerca de 1.500 campesinos del MST ocupan desde la noche del sábado 14 latifundios en ocho ciudades del gran Estado de São Paulo. La acción ha sido por ellos bautizada por los Sin Tierra como invierno caliente. El simbolismo de las 14 ocupaciones es también evidente si se tiene en cuenta que han sido todas ellas concentradas en el Estado, presidido por el gobernador, José Serra, seguramente el contrincante más fuerte de Dilma en las elecciones. Hoy Serra tiene el 38% de los votos y Dilma el 18% aunque el apoyo de Lula le hará crecer en popularidad en los meses próximos. El gobernador Serra que ha captado el gesto de los Sin Tierra ha advertido enseguida que "no habrá diálogo" con ellos. Según el Secretario de Justicia y Defensa de la Ciudadanía del Estado de São Paulo, Luiz Antônio Guimarâes Marrey, esas tierras, que los Sin Tierra acaban de ocupar, llevan en manos de sus propietarios entre 90 y 100 años por lo que que dichas propiedades tienen que ser respetadas. "No existe negociación posible con quienes quebrantan la ley", dijo ayer Marrey. El gobernador Serra desea legalizar los grandes latifundios de São Paulo y vender lo que resta a 200 grandes terratenientes, además de no llevar a cabo la reforma agraria, afirman los Sin Tierra que se han tomado la justicia por su mano. El Gobierno paulista les responde que se trata de un discurso ya viejo y que los Sin Tierra son "profesionales del conflicto". Hay quien asegura que las ocupaciones de las tierras en São Paulo, que ofrecen una de Serra amiga de los latifundistas, forma parte de una campaña para presentar al posible candidato de la oposición a las presidenciales de 2010 como enemigo de los campesinos. A su vez Lula necesita del apoyo del MST para apoyar a su candidata la ex guerrillera Dilma que necesita ganarse la simpatía de los más pobres ya que ha sido hasta ahora más bien una buena gestora de obras públicas pero con poca fuerza popular. Hace unos días, Lula presentó junto a Dilma ante 1.500 militantes del MST su plan millonario Agrícola Ganadero. Lula hasta se puso el gorro típico de los Sin Tierra como un gesto de simpatía hacia ellos. En los últimos años el movimiento campesino ha sido a veces muy crítico con el presidente ex sindicalista al juzgar que no ha apoyado las reivindicaciones agrarias prometidas.
Juan Arias, El Pais, 30.06.09 Jamie T: 'I like to do whatever I want. I'm not trying to fit into any box'It looks as if the evening will end with Jamie T slumped in a backstage corridor with blood spattered across his white vest. In the dressing room, his band, the Pacemakers, are exultant, cracking open cans of Kronenbourg, their debilitating hangovers of earlier in the day now vanished in the wake of a blinding gig at Northumbria University in Newcastle. But it's the rigours of the show that have left their leader shattered: two songs in, the lights went up on the crowd and he'd thrown himself onto a sea of hands; carried to the back, he clambered up into the high-raked seating area and urged the fans there to pile down to the front. "I'll start picking on one of you in a minute!" he warned. With his mike chord stretching back to the stage, he started a version of his Top 10 hit "Calm Down Dearest", with the crowd of students and Geordies singing every syllable back to him, followed by a chant: "Jamie! Jamie!" No wonder he's spent after the gig, but then when I met him at teatime earlier in the day, he was already in the pub, drinking a pint with a sambuca to chase it and asking if we could sit outside so he could smoke. He had with him a bag of records that he'd just bought second-hand: a Fats Domino LP, the soundtrack to The Rocky Horror Show, an Iron Maiden album and more, all on vinyl. "I shouldn't really have gone into the shop," he admitted, pale of face but grinning, eyes flitting from side to side. Like much of what he has to say - in interview and on record - his reasoning could have been clearer, but the gist was there: "I wiped about six grand's worth of music off my iTunes by mistake; the computer got blocked up so I tried to - this is fucking stupid - I tried to put my music on a hard drive, but I was watching that Martin Scorsese blues thing at the same time, and there's this great bit about space in it and how someone put this Blind Willie McTell record out into the stratosphere... "So I deleted it off my computer," he continued, as his carrier bag blew away across the street, "but I also deleted it off my fucking hard drive... so because I don't have a CD player, the only thing I own now is vinyl." It's not easy to pin down the 23-year-old Jamie Treays. Despite critics raving about his Mercury Prize-nominated debut Panic Prevention - the Observer Music Monthly made it their second-best album of 2007 - no one was sure whether to call him a singer or a rapper, or whether the record sat within the traditions of punk or hip-hop. Starting with the bewildering rallying cry "Fucking croissant!" the tracks careered past with an energy reminiscent of the Clash, the lyrics dense with imagery spat out to conjure an impressionistic picture of young London: "Girls singing on the bus, fellas kicking up a fuss"; the reek of a crack pipe in Trafalgar Square; the splash of spilt lager and subsequent recriminations. There was even a sample of John Betjeman, reading his poem "The Cockney Amorist". In person, he's mischievous, often evasive, with words whistling through his crooked gnashers. I say to him that no one knows quite what to make of him and he says, smiling: "I know, but I like that. I do whatever I want, I'm not watching anyone else, I'm not trying to fit into any box." Revelations that he comes from a middle-class family in suburban Wimbledon, and for a period went to the same Surrey public school as Tim Henman, might have invited scrutiny of his authenticity, but this rather misses the point that ever since the Rolling Stones emerged out of Richmond, the social mobility that has energised British pop has worked both ways. His birthright lets him mimic Bob Dylan to me one minute, the comedian Chris Morris in character as ragga singer Carlton "Killawatt" Valley the next and then sing a snatch of Queen ("I texted my mate once to say I thought they were the best pop band in the world, and he texted back: 'That's a funny way of coming out...'") Endearingly fogeyish, he says the last gig he went to was the Specials at Brixton, and "I've heard of this Twitter thing but I don't really understand it. I don't want to sound like a dick, but I don't use the internet much". But he's keen to leap to the defence of his own generation, too, even if he'll run a mile from being painted as their spokesman. "I don't know about modern music much," he'll say, "but kids today are probably more like kids in Japan. From what I know, which is very little, I've never been there, they go out in punk rock gear and the next day they're Teddy boys. Culture is changing - it's put on, put off. But I don't think there's anything wrong with that. It's a new generation and all you old cunts can fuck off! It doesn't mean there aren't still [different pop] tribes, and people grow up in the same old shit." Lurking on the edges of his song is a political awareness if not an agenda. "I don't talk about politics because it's not something I'm educated in," he insists. "It annoys me when people start getting righteous in bands. But then again some of my favourite bands are pretty righteous. Ha ha ha!" It took 18 months to tour Panic Prevention, of which Treays says with a puff of his cheeks: "I'm not saying it's a hard job, because it's not, but it does take a lot out of you and at the end there's a bit of Vietnam veteran syndrome. I was having a hard time." Hunkered down in the studio constructed in the shed at the bottom of the garden of the house that he now shares with his older brother - down the road from their parents - he started work on an album of acoustic songs. "I've got a friend who likes wearing brown cardigans and Ray-Bans and sitting around feeling depressed about his life and he introduced me to people like Ryan Adams and a lot of folk. And I hate the way people say 'I found Dylan' but ... that's what happened!" Despite this, Treays soon found he was bored of this new direction and he scrapped the sessions. Instead, with his friend Ben Bones, who produced Panic Prevention and plays drums with the Pacemakers, he started piecing together the scarcely less polished but even better album that will come out in August with the title Kings & Queens. It's preceded by an EP this month which gives a good taste of the new material, particularly the title track, "Sticks 'n' Stones". Laugh-out-loud lines include: "As I travel down the track all my memories flood back/ We were running like infantry men back to your mamma's flat/ It's the only place but home I feel relaxed enough to crap/ I know it sounds crude, but there's something in that." "It's based on real life," Treays says to me of the song over his second lager. "It's the idea of: 'I remember you smoking weed in the park and now you're working in the city. What's going on?' I don't really know any stockbrokers, but then again, when you're writing songs, you can make things up. What annoys me is, though, is when people ask me what my songs are about. It fucks me off. Find out for yourself! I fucking wrote them - listen to them. I don't want to sit here and talk about them." Pity his poor A&R man. "We rang him, man, and said: 'We think we've got the single. Yeah, we think it's really good, it's wicked.' We'd found all these lift versions of songs" - classics rerecorded as muzak - "and we sent him 'Highway from Hell' with me singing it like wosshisface from AC/DC and it was really horrible. I know he wasn't amused. I found it fucking funny. Oh well." Following that evening's gig and sweat-stained singalongs of hits past and future, it doesn't look as if Treays is in any state to speak, but it turns out the blood on his T-shirt is simply the result of a nicked thumb, and he's soon enough on his feet again and heading off to a student ska night. "Pressure-wise, if anything gets too much, I just run away," he had said earlier. "I still get freaked out when people know who I am, it's still uncomfortable- although I love performing. I can't work it out myself!" He concludes: "As the Eagles said, just take it easy."
Caspar Llewellyn Smith, The Observer, 28.06.09 http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2009/jun/28/interview-jamie-t-talks-punk-hip-hop Huit prêtres intégristes ordonnés en Suisse sans l'aval du VaticanUne messe solennelle pour les ordinations en latin de huit prêtres intégristes appartenant à la Fraternité saint Pie X a eu lieu, lundi 29 juin au matin, à Ecône en Suisse, une cérémonie jugée "illégitime" par le Vatican. Contestant les décisions du concile Vatican II qui a modernisé les rites ecclésiastiques catholiques, la Fraternité, fondée en 1970 par Mgr Lefebvre, procède tous les ans à des ordinations le 29 juin. Cependant, cette année, la cérémonie conduite par le supérieur d'Ecône, Mgr Bernard Fellay, avait lieu dans un contexte sensiblement différent en raison de la proposition de Benoît XVI d'ouvrir des discussions en vue d'une réconciliation. Le 21 janvier, le pape a levé l'excommunication de quatre évêques de la Fraternité qui avait été ordonnés en 1988, sans l'accord du Vatican. Suivant le cérémonial traditionnel d'avant Vatican II, les huit candidats au sacerdoce (sept Français et un Belge, âgés de 24 à 30 ans) se sont étendus face contre terre au pied de l'autel alors que résonnaient les prières en latin reprises avec grande ferveur par l'assistance. Avec les huit nouvelles ordinations, la fraternité compte cinq cent dix prêtres, dont la moyenne d'âge est de 40 ans, selon le district de France. Cette cérémonie "peut-être considérée comme une provocation par une partie du clergé et des fidèles dans la mesure où Benoît XVI, en janvier, a tendu la main au courant intégriste et qu'il avait, dès juillet 2007, libéralisé la messe en latin, autre préalable des intégristes", souligne Stéphanie Le Bars, qui suit les questions de religion au "Monde". Elle explique pourquoi la Fraternité a procédé à des ordinations "comme s'il rien ne s'était passé" : cliquez ici pour écouter "UN DÉSIR D'ABOUTIR" Sous une tente blanche extérieure et face à quelque 2 500 fidèles installés en plein air, Mgr Bernard Fellay s'est dit "étonné du chahut fait autour" de ces ordinations, "alors que dans beaucoup de pays, l'Eglise [romaine] manque de prêtres". Il a souligné que la Fraternité procédait cette année à 27 ordinations de prêtres – en Suisse, en Allemagne et aux Etats Unis – "alors que des pays de tradition catholique comme la France ou l'Allemagne n'arrivent même pas à en ordonner une centaine [90 en France cette année]". "Je vois chez le pape un désir d'aboutir [à une réconciliation] et là où il y a une volonté, il y a un chemin", a par ailleurs indiqué Mgr Fellay. Un décret papal (motu proprio) doit être prochainement publié afin de lancer les "conversations théologiques" entre Rome et la Fraternité. Ces "conversations" s'annoncent "très longues et sans doute très difficiles", indique Stéphanie Le Bars, qui explique dans quel cadre elles se dérouleront et détaille les points de doctrine qui seront en discussion : cliquez ici pour écouter Lundi, Mgr Fellay est resté vague sur sa position vis-à-vis du concile Vatican II (1962-65) dont la reconnaissance a été posée comme condition au rapprochement avec Rome. "On ne dit pas que le concile Vatican II est tout noir, a-t-il déclaré, mais il faut clarifier les textes pour éviter les interprétations".
Le Monde, 29.06.09 El espejo quieto de la FactoryLa primera cámara que Stephen Shore tuvo en sus manos tenía forma de ratón Mickey y por eso sus primeras fotografías son una larga serie de estúpidas sonrisas. Detrás de aquel juguete para un niño estaba la primera lección que Shore (Nueva York, 1947) aprendió sobre lo que con el tiempo sería algo más que una profesión. Fotógrafo incansable del paisaje profundo de su país, Shore descubrió muy pronto la nada casual relación entre la cámara y su objetivo y la misteriosa naturaleza de un arte en el que observación, comprensión, imaginación e intención se cruzan de forma compleja.
Shore ha impartido en Madrid (y dentro del Campus de PhotoEspaña) un taller de fotografía y, además, la editorial Phaidon publica su libro Lección de fotografía, manual crítico derivado de sus años como profesor en la Bard Collage. "Un pésimo estudiante dando lecciones, eso es la vida, ¿no?", dice el fotógrafo, impaciente por visitar el Prado con su mujer y aprovechar sus escasas horas libres en Madrid. Shore fue, a los 23 años, el primer fotógrafo al que el Metropolitan de Nueva York dedicó una exposición individual. Pero su carrera se había disparado cinco años antes, a los 17, cuando entró por azar a formar parte del grupo de habituales de la Factory de Andy Wharhol. "Fue una casualidad", explica, "durante mi último año de instituto yo apenas iba a clase y mis padres me daban por imposible, realmente no podían más conmigo. Estrené un corto en un cine de Nueva York que también estrenaba esa misma noche una de las películas de Warhol. Allí le conocí. Me llevó a la Factory y empecé a pasar por allí cada día. Dejé los estudios, era imposible resistirse a aquel mundo". Según el fotógrafo, lo más importante que aprendió allí fue a "pensar con una mirada estética". "Vi a un artista tomar decisiones una y otra vez, y observarle trabajar, implicando a todos en esas decisiones, no tuvo precio para mi futuro". Shore tomó fotos en blanco y negro de todos los protagonistas de aquella época -Eddie Sedgwick, Lou Reed...- convirtiéndose así en testigo y espejo impagable de aquella explosión única de talento. "Sin duda la relación con el tiempo es uno de los grandes misterios de la fotografía", afirma. "Y para mí esa relación es de dos tipos fundamentales, mientras en algunas fotografías el tiempo se congela, en otras tan sólo permanece quieto. Cualquiera puede atraparlo, están al alcance de todos". Para Shore (cuyo trabajo con el color y con la composición le han convertido en uno de los grandes) no existe una buena o mala fotografía sino un buen o mal esfuerzo. "No pienso en otros términos, sólo me interesa la fotografía como una prueba de exigencia. Me gusta trabajar con esa presión, con mucha presión, no hay nada espontáneo en lo que hago, todo es consecuencia de un trabajo previo, largo y meditado". Asegura que no manipula las fotografías, que jamás las recorta y que sólo en sus trabajos "para clientes" se pliega a los tiempos: "Creo que una fotografía de periódico jamás se puede manipular, y no es un problema de objetividad-subjetividad sino de pura moral. Pero la publicidad es diferente porque hay un cliente que paga y el Photoshop o los recortes forman parte del trabajo". Y añade : "creo que las lecciones fundamentales sobre fotografía valen igual para el mundo digital que el analógico, también existe una relación física con el monitor de un ordenador. En cualquier caso, yo seguiré colgando fotografías en mi casa y seguiré pidiendo a mis alumnos las copias en papel, porque creo que sólo al verlas todas juntas y no una detrás de otra se puede encontrar su verdadera voz".
Elsa Fernández-Santos, El Pais, 30.06.09 http://www.elpais.com/articulo/cultura/espejo/quieto/Factory/elpepucul/20090630elpepicul_6/Tes Don't ask, don't tell: gay veteran of Iraq takes on US armyOn paper, Dan Choi is everything the US military could have hoped for. He is a graduate of the prestigious West Point academy, has served a tour in Iraq, and is fluent in Arabic and Korean. But despite his talents and experience, the army is seeking to get rid of Choi because of another personal quality it considers incompatible with military life: Choi is openly gay. In one of the last instances of government-sanctioned discrimination in America, the United States military allows gay men and lesbians to serve in the military only if they keep quiet about their sexuality. For more than a year after meeting his boyfriend and falling in love, Choi was forced to lie or risk joining a long list of almost 13,000 gay and lesbian personnel discharged in the past 16 years under the "don't ask, don't tell" policy. "What if I deploy and he can't come to the tarmac to wish me goodbye," he asked himself, "or kiss me when I come back?" If he were to fall in combat, to whom would the army present the flag that draped his coffin? "I started my first relationship ever in life at age 27," Choi said. "I'm understanding finally what love is. I have to make the decision: am I going to continue lying?" This winter, Choi decided the answer was no. In March he announced on television that he is a gay soldier. The military responded with a terse letter informing him he would be charged with violating army regulations. Choi faces a disciplinary panel tomorrow. "Specifically, you admitted publicly that you are a homosexual," the letter read. "Your actions negatively affected the good order and discipline of the New York Army National Guard." "It's an insult to their professionalism," Choi said of the insinuation that his fellow soldiers cannot abide a gay comrade. "They care about what a person can do for the team. We're in a time of war. We have bigger things to worry about than people being gay." The discharge of thousands of people from the military because of their sexuality over the past 16 years has generated strong criticism that it is diminishing US military strength at a time when the country can hardly afford it. The Iraq and Afghanistan campaigns make onerous demands on manpower, and relations remain tense with Iran and North Korea. But the army has discharged 59 gay Arabic linguists and nine gay Farsi linguists in the last five years, according to the Servicemembers Legal Defence Network. Britain, Israel and dozens of other countries allow gay personnel to serve openly. Aside from its impact on military readiness, Choi's story tells of the policy's personal toll on dedicated soldiers like him, who are forced to conceal the relationships that keep them going through long hours of training and combat and give them something to fight for. "To me it was like being back in Iraq," he said recently. "You're always looking around to see who can see you." Choi, 28, served as an infantry officer, translator and language instructor in Iraq in 2006 and 2007. He looked forward to redeploying to Iraq, but his life took a profound turn in January 2008 when, during a furtive, curious visit to a gay nightclub in New York City, he met Matthew Kinsey, a 45-year old executive at Gucci. The two men had their first date soon after, at an Italian restaurant in New York City. Choi arrived in uniform. Over the coming months the two grew close. Through Choi's strict upbringing in a religious immigrant household and his years in the military, he had never lived openly as a gay man. Kinsey helped him through the experience. "He's dealing with things I dealt with in college," Kinsey said, "in an environment where you can't be who you are.'" Choi delighted in his long-overdue emotional awakening. "I look at Matthew," he said, "and I think everybody should have this. The whole world makes sense to me." In between his weekend jaunts to New York City, Choi's comrades back at the base wondered why he was suddenly so cheery. Choi was inexperienced in romance, and sought advice on gift ideas for the lover he called "Martha" (should he buy her chocolates? Jewellery?). But the deceit took its toll. "It was too much lying every day," he said. "It takes an incredible amount of energy to keep up the lie. Every time I wanted to talk about it, I'd have to make sure not to use the wrong pronoun." So Choi left the army, moved to New York City and signed up in a part-time position with a military unit controlled by the state of New York, but one that could deploy to Iraq. In March, he announced his sexuality on a cable television chat show. Soon after coming out, Choi returned to base for a weekend training session, where he directed live-fire exercises. To his surprise the men had no unkind words for him, and those who approached him at a bar on base one evening praised his courage and trust in them. He says they told him they cared less about his sexuality and more about the "capabilities you bring to the fight". If he concedes the charge, Choi will probably be offered an honourable discharge, albeit one that states he was expelled for being gay, he said. But he says he intends to fight and if he loses, he risks forfeiting pension and health benefits and other financial advantages offered to American vets. As he prepared for his hearing he took part in gay rights demonstrations and met members of Congress to advocate an end to the ban on openly gay soldiers. "They have a hard enough job as it is, so why would you force them into the closet?" he asks. "Family makes a better soldier."
Daniel Nasaw, The Guardian, 29.06.09 http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jun/29/gay-veteran-us-army-choi Woody Allen : «Être bien dans un monde qui va mal»Il a retrouvé ses habitudes à Manhattan où il donne rendez-vous dans un hôtel chic non loin de ses bureaux de Park Avenue. Éternels pantalons de velours, même chemise sombre, même frêle silhouette, Woody Allen assure soigneusement la promotion de sa dernière comédie. L'histoire d'amour grinçante d'un vieux misanthrope (la star de télé Larry David) et d'une jeune fugueuse (la ravissante Evan Rachel Wood) plongés au cœur d'une intrigue à rebondissements. Où viennent se greffer les parents de la jeune fille et d'autres personnages qui courent désespérément après le bonheur. Une comédie proche de l'esprit joyeusement sombre d'Annie Hall où le happy end a un petit goût doux-amer. À part ça, Woody Allen, 73 ans, continue de tourner un film par an. Dans quelques jours, il sera à Londres et, l'an prochain, promis, il sera à Paris pour un film dont il n'a pas encore achevé le scénario et le casting. Mais il y a de fortes chances qu'il ait déjà un petit rôle pour Carla Bruni-Sarkozy. LE FIGARO. - On croyait que New York ne vous inspirait plus ou n'inspirait plus vos producteurs… Woody ALLEN. - Mais je n'ai pas décidé de m'exiler en allant tourner en Europe. J'aime New York parce que j'y vis. Ça fait du bien de retrouver sa famille, son lit et son appartement. La ville continue de m'inspirer. En même temps, tourner des films en Europe a pour moi un côté très exotique. Vous étiez attendu cette année pour un tournage à Paris et vous choisissez Londres. Pourquoi ? Je vais là où on me demande et où la production l'exige. Donc, je vais commencer le 13 juillet à Londres le tournage d'une comédie romantique pas du tout frivole. J'ai la chance d'avoir un casting exceptionnel : Antonio Banderas, Naomi Watts, Josh Brolin, Freida Pinto (l'héroïne du multi-oscarisé Slumdog Millionaire,NDLR), Anthony Hopkins et une jeune Britannique, Lucy Punch, qui va faire beaucoup parler d'elle. J'irai, si tout va bien, à Paris en 2010. Avec la crise, la vie a-t-elle beaucoup changé à New York ? Je ne trouve pas. Tout est plus cher sans doute. Comme partout ailleurs. Le mode vie new-yorkais me convient toujours. Et je ne vois pas des victimes de Madoff à chaque coin de rue. Après Vicky Barcelona, vous vous penchez de nouveau sur les surprises de l'amour, le facteur chance dans nos vies et la quête effrénée du bonheur. Thèmes récurrents chez vous, non ? On pourrait traduire Whatever Works par « tous les moyens sont bons ». C'est votre philosophie ? Vous sentez-vous proche du personnage principal du film, Boris, imbuvable, prétentieux, si mal dans sa peau et pourtant drôle ? Et vraiment pas doué pour le bonheur ? Comme vous, Boris rencontre une femme beaucoup plus jeune que lui et qui va transformer sa vie ? Vous avez un net penchant pour les jeunes actrices. Après Scarlett Johansson, voici la prometteuse Evan Rachel Wood, pas encore très connue… Aujourd'hui, à 73 ans, avez-vous réalisé tous vos rêves de cinéaste ?
Propos recueillis par Jean-Luc Wachthausen, Le Figaro, 29.06.09 Cristina Fernández descarta cualquier cambio en su gobierno tras la derrota del oficialismoLa presidenta de Argentina, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, ha ofrecido este lunes una multitudinaria rueda de prensa en Buenos Aires en la que ha analizado la inesperada derrota elecotral del peronismo oficialista que lideraba hasta hoy su marido y ex presidente Néstor Kirchner. Además de minimizar los adversos resultados, que despojan de mayoría a su partido en el Congreso argentino en el ecuador de la legislatura, Fernández ha descartado cualquier cambio en su Gobierno. "No encuentro ninguna razón para cambiar el Gabinete por los resultados electorales", ha dicho.
Horas antes, su marido Néstor Kirchner ha renunciado como líder del gobernante Partido Justicialista (PJ peronista) tras la derrota oficialista en las elecciones legislativas del domingo. Ésta ha sido la primera consecuencia de la derrota sin paliativos que sufrió en las elecciones del domingo y que obligará también a la presidenta, Cristina Fernández, a plantearse un giro en su política. Los Kirchner no sólo han perdido la mayoría en la Cámara de Diputados y el Senado, sino que han perdido el control en la decisiva provincia de Buenos Aires, una derrota humillante que debilita el poder de los Kirchner en el peronismo oficialista y deja abierta la puerta a la búsqueda de otros candidatos para las elecciones de 2011. Cristina Fernández debe hacer frente a los dos años y medio que le quedan de mandato en unas condiciones políticas difíciles, que exigirán mucha negociación, algo a lo que la pareja presidencial no esta acostumbrada. El ex presidente Néstor Kirchner no reconoció su derrota hasta las 2.15 de la madrugada argentina. Hasta ese momento, siguió el apretado recuento en Buenos Aires encerrado en una habitación de hotel y acompañado por la presidenta. A esa hora hizo acto de presencia ante sus deprimidos seguidores, para admitir una derrota "mínima", prometer que será "alternativa en 2011" y asegurar que va a "profundizar la gobernabilidad", lo que se interpretó como anuncio de cambios. Cristina Fernández ganó las elecciones presidenciales hace 20 meses con un 45% de los votos, pero los resultados de ayer dan testimonio de una bajada brutal de respaldo que, sin duda, habrá afectado a su estado de ánimo. La derrota de los Kirchner fue abultada: perdieron la provincia de Buenos Aires por sólo dos puntos (32,1% a 34,5%) frente al peronista disidente Francisco de Narváez, pero fueron arrasados en Capital Federal, Córdoba, Mendoza, Santa Fe y Entre Ríos. Incluso fueron derrotados en la provincia pingüina de Santa Cruz, cuna del propio Néstor Kirchner. Los resultados demuestran una recuperación importante de los radicales, que acudieron unidos en el Acuerdo Cívico y Social y que siguen siendo la segunda fuerza parlamentaria del país, aunque han sufrido un cierto descalabro en la Capital Federal, donde fueron desplazados de la segunda plaza por un candidato de izquierda, el director de cine Fernando Pino Solanas. Con todo, Elisa Carrió, tercera en la lista, consigue un escaño. Uno de los datos más importantes en este sector es la gran victoria de Julio Cobos en la provincia de Mendoza. El vicepresidente ?que apoyó a los Kirchner pero que ahora ha vuelto a aliarse con la Unión Cívica Radical? se apuntó la victoria de su candidato, por más del 50% de los votos. En el sector de Unión PRO, los magníficos resultados de Narváez deben correr por su propia cuenta. Narváez hizo una campaña muy personal, financiada con su propio dinero, y podría aspirar a relevar a Néstor Kirchner al frente del Partido Justicialista o a ser el próximo gobernador de la provincia de Buenos Aires (el actual, Daniel Scioli, que aceptó ir como número dos en las listas de Kirchner, ha quedado tocado). Narváez, de 56 años, nació en Colombia y en teoría no puede concurrir a las presidenciales de 2011, aunque ya hay voces que piden que los tribunales acepten una interpretación más laxa del artículo de la Constitución que lo prohíbe. En cualquier caso, el discurso más presidencial de la noche fue el del alcalde de Buenos Aires, Mauricio Macri. En cuanto se supieron los resultados de su mano derecha, la conservadora Gabriela Michetti, que logró una cómoda victoria en la capital, y el éxito de Unión PRO en la provincia, los seguidores de Macri empezaron a cantar "Se siente, se siente, Mauricio presidente", e incluso aparecieron camisetas con ese lema. La imagen de Macri, empresario, ex presidente del Boca Juniors, puede llevar a los peronistas disidentes a preferir otro candidato que sea del aparato. Ese puesto lo ocuparía el senador por Santa Fe Carlos Reutemann, que revalidó su banca, en dura competencia con el socialista Rubén Giustiniani, apoyado por el gobernador Hermes Binner, que sale algo debilitado de los comicios. Los resultados electorales anuncian una difícil gobernabilidad en los próximos meses. La magnitud de la derrota hace suponer que los Kirchner "tomarán nota", aunque la impresión que dio ayer la presidenta fue de que se tomará un tiempo antes de introducir cambios. La oposición reclama, entre otras cosas, el relevo de algunos ministros y de la dirección del instituto responsable de las estadísticas oficiales (INDEC). La primera ministra que ha anunciado su renuncia es la titular de Sanidad, Graciela Ocaña, en mitad de una fuerte epidemia de gripe A y sin que se hayan aceptado sus consejos de declarar la emergencia sanitaria.
Soledad Gallego-Díaz/Alejandro Rebossio, El Pais, 30.06.09
Not just the king of kitschJeff Koons is a mega-artist, rivalled only by Damien Hirst in commercial success and fame. He is also underrated as a fantastic chronicler of the modern world.
It is 1988 and Michael Jackson sits surrounded by golden flowers, in golden clothes, hugging close to him his pet chimpanzee, Bubbles. People walk around him and gawp. They don't know if they should laugh or feel creeped out or simply admire an innocent homage to genius.
This porcelain sculpture created by Jeff Koons was part of a series that raised him from being an artist known only by other artists to a celebrity in his own right. The series called Banality brought him the fame he had craved through the 1980s, since he first came from Pennsylvania to New York and supported himself in various ways, including dealing in commodities, while exhibiting vacuum cleaners in illuminated vitrines. In a photograph taken to advertise the exhibition, a young Koons poses with a class of small children, chalk in hand, a beatific smile on his face. On the blackboard he has written "Exploitthe masses" and "Banality as saviour". The other works included Ushering in Banality, a carved wooden polychrome group of two angels and a tracksuited boy tending a pig with a green ribbon round its neck; a porcelain figure of Leonardo da Vinci's Saint John the Baptist clutching a pig; and a statue of two grinning idiots nursing a row of blue puppies. The art of Jeff Koons creates a world beyond taste. It rubs the least respectable mass-cultural artefacts into the noses of people brought up to think art is about the good, the true and the lofty. Two decades after he gave the world Banality, I meet him at London's Serpentine Gallery. It is the eve of his exhibition, Popeye Series, which stars the famous spinach-eating sailor and an inflatable lobster. The king of kitsch has never looked more kingly than he does now. Jeff Koons in 2009 is a mega-artist, a business artist, rivalled in commercial success and fame only by his friend Damien Hirst - "I've always felt very close to people like Damien, the Chapmans, Sarah Lucas." Unsurprisingly, as they are all visibly influenced by his work. He employs more than 100 people in his New York studio, and before the markets crashed was selling individual works for more than $20m. That figure was cut in half in his most recent sales, but he doesn't seem too rattled, and with good reason; Koons aged 54 - however many insults his critics hurl - is treated with increasing respect, and even reverence, by museums. In 2008 alone he had a retrospective at the Art Institute of Chicago, a big exhibition on the Museum Island in Berlin and a show at the Palace of Versailles. Tate Modern, meanwhile, has opened a remarkable room of his works that form part of the new national collection donated by his former dealer Anthony d'Offay - "I think what Anthony did was really very generous." And yet it hasn't been as smooth a rise as the glittering reflective edifice of today's Koons corporation might suggest. After Banality, he wondered what to do next. "I just felt like I became an art star with my Banality show," Koons tells me. "I'll add another little star on my shoulder" - he found himself thinking - "and I'll be a film star. But what's the easiest way into film? To make, like, a porn film. So I thought, OK I'll make this billboard as if I'm starring in a movie, and it'll star myself and that woman that I saw in this magazine, this Cicciolina." La Cicciolina is the working name of Hungarian-born porn star Ilona Staller, whose fame in Italy in the 1980s and 90s led to her being elected as an MP and later founding her own Party of Love. It wasn't her politics that Koons was drawn to, however, when he chanced upon a picture of her in a magazine. He promptly turned it into a sculpture of a woman lying in bubble bath being admired by a pig and two penguins. He and Staller never did make a porn film. What emerged instead from their meeting was a series of sculptures and photographs portraying them having sex in many positions, settings and costumes. It was called Made in Heaven and, in my opinion, was his greatest work. It was, says Koons, about "removing guilt and shame. I saw the Masaccio painting in Florence" - Masaccio's 15th century picture of Adam and Eve being cast out of paradise in the Brancacci Chapel - "and I was very moved by it; you know you see the guilt and shame that they're feeling, Adam and Eve." He wanted to create the answer to this painting - "a body of work that is kind of about after the fall, but all of this guilt and shame is removed". To create Made in Heaven he borrowed all the trappings of Staller's own art. "I hired her and I used her same photographer, the same place where they developed the film. I wanted her to wear the same costumes, the same backdrops, because everything was a ready-made." Koons is fascinated by sex - it keeps coming into our conversation, in a conversation about beauty for instance. "If I think of the word beauty, I think of a vagina", he replies. "I think of the vaginal - personally. That's what comes to mind for me, or Praxiteles' sculpture, the ass ... " The ass he's referring to is that of the Venus of Knidos, carved by the ancient Greek sculptor, Praxiteles, and displayed in a temple that allowed pilgrims to view the goddess of love from all angles. Classical writers tell that enthusiastic beholders stained the marble statue with their ejaculations. And this is a clue as to why he's keen on sex, as an artist. Eroticism has always been the territory par excellence where lofty ideals are betrayed by basic physical drives: where the beautiful becomes banal. This is why it made sense for Koons to explore pornography as art - because when we lust we are all Jeff Koons. Staller, however, was not the ready-made object he originally paid for. At first it was bliss. They married. The lovemaking depicted in Made in Heaven bore fruit. But in December 1994, after their son Ludwig was born, they divorced. When I ask if he thinks people understand the images in Made in Heaven, his reply shocks me. "I don't think people see them very often because I destroyed a lot of the works. I was going through a custody situation for my son, and Ilona kept trying to pull the work down to a level that it would be viewed not as artwork but as pornography, so I ended up just destroying most of the works because of that." In other words, Staller was promoting the works as part of her own image and oeuvre - which is not surprising since they were as much pornography as art, whatever he says. Still, he is proud of some of the works in Made in Heaven. "I think Ilona's Asshole is a wonderful work. It's really about acceptance of the self and the confidence to display one's genitalia or display one's asshole." In 1997 the art critic Robert Hughes pronounced a damning postmortem on Koons's career in his book American Visions. Koons, he said, "was the last art star to be cranked out by the Manhattan mechanism", a "starry-eyed opportunist", his pseudo-Baroque sculptures a calculated and obvious attempt to manipulate collectors through their desire to be "challenged". You might almost think that "Koons had psyched himself into thinking he was a latter-day Bernini. Or was it a pose? By now it hardly matters." It hardly mattered because, in the years after he exhibited the most intimate moments of his brief marriage, Koons faded from view. After the marriage broke down, he got involved in a bitter custody fight over their son. In the eyes of detractors - Robert Hughes is not the only one - Koons is a fake, a poseur, a sterile manufacturer of heartless kitsch. But portraying your love life in graphic detail and then being humiliated by the collapse of the relationship you vaunted does not strike me as the work of an arch-manipulator or an emotionless fraud. Koons never let go of the idea that he could get Ludwig back. That estrangement from his now teenage son has become part of the meaning of his art. He was in a hole and he kept digging - by making art about his pain. When his son was born, he became interested in the simple shapes and colours of the baby's first toys. He set out to make art that a small child could relate to. But then events changed the meaning of the sculptures he planned. They became a way, in his imagination, of reaching out to the child he couldn't see. "I was trying to make art that my son could look on in the future and would realise I was thinking about him very much during these times . . . that he can look and see my dad's thinking about me, but to also embed in these things something that is bigger than all of us." In 1992, Koons started work on the Celebration Series. His plan was to create colossal reproductions of easter eggs, party hats, valentine hearts, balloon animals and other "celebratory" images in shiny coloured metal. It turned out to be hugely expensive, and his domestic crisis didn't help. "I went through the divorce, the custody situation ... the work was very expensive to create and it took longer than we anticipated so works were placed at less expensive amounts than what it cost even to produce." I ask about the emotional meaning of these works. "The sculpture Party Hat - that's my son's little birthday hat that he wore just one day before my ex-wife took him away." The Celebration Series was eventually completed and, in 2000, when it started to be shown in museums around the world, it immediately renewed and deepened his reputation, at least with those prepared to give him a chance. When you gaze into the reflective blue surface of his Cracked Egg, your own face and those of the other people going by float in a seductive yet spooky polished metal mirror; a perfection that has been broken open, leaving part of the shell on the ground. There's an eerie power to these works that goes well beyond Koons's claim to be a celebratory artist. They are joyous lamentations; broken mirrors of a world losing touch with its loved ones. Koons, the man who fell in love with his own ready-made, has a haunting piece of emotional advice for us all. "Inanimate objects are great but they're just inanimate objects and externalised images," he points out after spending years trying to connect with a faraway child by making monuments to the infantile. All that matters in art and life is "actual human interaction". Koons seems to be constantly stretching, twisting, amplifying and reconfiguring the ordinary to make it strange. He has an eye for form, which he sees like his hero Salvador Dalí through a hypersexual filter. I show him a picture of Lips, a fantastically energetic painting he created in 2000 in which lips and an eye dance in the air with yellow pieces of sweetcorn. "That corn for me is a reference to Dalí. Dalí always loved corn ... but if you put two kernels together you have an ass." There speaks a sculptor. Jeff Koons is an artist not of bland manufactured sheen but of edgy contradictions. On the one hand he wants to experience a world of innocent childlike gratification, of toys and party hats - he revels in telling me about his second marriage, six children in all, and two grandchildren from his older daughter, Shannon, 34. On the other hand, here is a man whose life was changed by his marriage to a porn star and her refusal to continue as his living art object. It's a tale of American demands: Koons is at once determined to be pleased like a child and hungry to be satiated as an adult. The Popeye Series continues this impossible quest. It is dedicated to showing a series of works based around metal sculptures of inflatable toys. There are inflatable dolphins, inflatable lobsters, all turned into metal. The lobster is a homage to Dalí's Lobster Telephone. He tells me he identifies with Popeye's motto - "I yam what I yam." But on the cover he has designed for today's G2, he emphasises Popeye's muscular arm with its expanding tattoo of a tank. Is it a political comment? A phallic object? Both? It's interesting, and ambivalent and American and ludicrous. Jeff Koons is a brave and original artist. His art declares the weirdness of its materials, its themes, its maker and its public. He insists there is no irony in what he does. When he's gone, this denial will be forgotten and he will surely be acclaimed as a satirist. He says his art is about liberation and acceptance and embracing the mainstream. Is it also a disturbing image of the modern world? "I really don't believe in judgments; it could be looking at political systems, social hierarchies and all these areas." The very night after our interview, the death of Michael Jackson is announced. On the Friday I ask the sculptor of Michael Jackson and Bubbles for his comment. "We have lost a great artist." But look at it. White faced and hugging his chimpanzee, Jackson is not portrayed as the talented song-and-dance man everyone seems to want to remember, but an icon of the banal. Perhaps Jeff Koons is a secret moralist. Perhaps he is a great artist and perhaps he is just a great symptom. Whatever he is he has an eye for the pathologies of our time.
Jonathan Jones, The Guardian, 30.06.09 http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2009/jun/30/jeff-koons-exhibition-serpentine Honduras : "Un coup d'Etat d'un genre nouveau""On a déjà vu, en Amérique latine, des coups d'Etat qui disent vouloir résoudre une crise politique. Mais ils finissent tous par détruire les institutions républicaines, affaiblir les démocraties et réduire les droits de l'homme", réagit le journal colombien El País après la destitution par des militaires du président du Honduras, Manuel Zelaya. Au lendemain de son arrestation et de son expulsion, ses partisans comme ses détracteurs revendiquent leur bonne foi démocratique et disent vouloir défendre la Constitution du pays.
Alors que les journaux honduriens ont été placés sous un relatif contrôle, et que leurs éditoriaux se contentent d'appeler au calme, la presse d'Amérique latine condamne ce coup d'Etat. Certains s'interrogent toutefois sur la légitimité de l'ex-président, qui voulait modifier la Constitution pour pouvoir se représenter. Ainsi le principal quotidien du Nicaragua, La Prensa, pointe-t-il un "coup d'Etat d'un genre nouveau". Le journal rappelle que la prise de pouvoir a été avalisée par les institutions judiciaires du pays puis confirmée par les représentants du peuple. "Il ne s'agit pas d'un coup d'Etat militaire classique du siècle précédent où les militaires destituaient un gouvernement démocratiques, prenaient tous les leviers du pouvoir, supprimaient les garanties constitutionnelles et imposaient une dictature sanguinaire", veut croire le quotidien. Pour lui, la volonté du président Zelaya de modifier la Constitution pour pouvoir être réélu était à sa manière une entorse à la démocratie. Une opinion que ne partage pas le journal Argentin Pagina 12, qui raconte de manière acerbe comment le chef de l'Etat du Honduras qui "pensait que c'était plutôt à lui de donner des ordres à ses subordonnés" a été dépossédé et emmené au Costa Rica en pyjama. "On ne respecte la loi que lorsqu'elle sert les intérêts des franges les plus puissantes d'une société", note le quotidien de gauche, qui dénonce une culture du coup d'Etat encore très ancrée au Honduras et dans toute l'Amérique latine. "Défendre aujourd'hui le président Zelaya ne revient pas à défendre sa politique et encore moins sa personnalité (…) c'est défendre la démocratie et tout Etat de droit". Le journal rapporte par ailleurs que "tous les médias du pays ont été placés sous contrôle et invités par la force à ne pas diffuser d’informations qui ne seraient pas passées au crible de l’appareil démocratique à l’œuvre dans le pays". LES LIENS AVEC CHAVEZ La politique de Zelaya est souvent mise en avant comme une explication, sinon une justification, de son renversement. Même de la part de ceux qui condamnent le coup d'Etat. Le journal du Guatemala El Periódico revient sur la carrière politique de Zelaya et lui attribue d'emblée une "grande responsabilité dans la crispation politique de son pays", après la bataille pour le pouvoir durant depuis plusieurs mois au Honduras. Le quotidien n'en affirme pas moins que le président déchu doit revenir à Tegucigalpa et répondre aux électeurs plus qu'aux militaires. Sur la politique de Zelaya, La Jornada, quotidien critique de référence au Mexique, note avec ironie que son parcours depuis le libéralisme vers la gauche anticapitaliste ne pouvait manquer de lui attirer les foudres de "l'oligarchie et de la bourgeoisie hondurienne". Depuis plusieurs mois, nombre de députés du Parti libéral, la propre formation de Manuel Zelaya, lui avaient en effet fait part de leur défiance sur son rapprochement avec l'Alternative bolivarienne pour les Amériques (ALBA), un groupe de coopération entre Etats impulsé par Hugo Chavez. Après les déclarations du président vénézuélien en faveur de Manuel Zelaya, le journal de Panama La Prensa publie un dessin où le président du Honduras court en pleurant vers son "père", Hugo Chavez, qui lui demande, énervé : "Qui t'a mis ce coup ? Que je lui en mette un !" ![]() Antonin Sabot, Le Monde, 29.06.09
Vicente Vila, 'Wila', el último cartelista de la Guerra Civil"Cuando más he disfrutado ha sido cuando he visto mis carteles por las calles de Valencia", dijo el pintor Vicente Vila Gimeno cuando le ofrecieron visitar la inauguración de la exposición Art i propaganda, cartells de la Universitat de València, organizada en 2003 por UGT y dicha Universidad de Valencia. "Tenía ya más de 90 años y estaba muy mal de las piernas, dijo que se cansaba y no quería ir", explicó ayer su hija, Amparo Vila. El pintor, que firmaba casi siempre como Wila, falleció en Madrid, a los 101 años, el pasado domingo, 28 de junio.
Junto a otro grupo de artistas gráficos, se ocupó durante la Guerra Civil de dibujar los carteles de propaganda republicana que animaron a los valencianos a mantener la moral. El más famoso, sin duda, es el titulado Soldado instrúyete. "Fue emblemático del espíritu de la República, que quería extender la formación y la cultura a todos los estratos sociales, incluso durante la guerra: a través de un periódico que se publicaba y se llevaba al frente, o con bibliotecas populares que se mantenían abiertas", continuó su hija. Esta obra fue el cartel anunciador de la exposición antes mencionada, que visitó durante meses muchas ciudades españolas. Ha sido reproducido en multitud de libros, exposiciones, eventos y películas, "como Ay, Carmela; fue la imagen del momento". Vila Gimeno colaboró en aquel taller de cartelistas con creadores como el famoso Josep Renau. "Éste fue más conocido, porque se tuvo que exiliar en México y allí fue un gran muralista; luego vivió en Alemania, donde, a su muerte, su hija montó una fundación, gracias a la cual la obra de su padre se conoce en todo el mundo". Entre otros artistas estaban también Eleuterio Bauset, Arturo Ballester o Rafael Raga, "este último fue un gran amigo suyo". "Que sepamos, todos han muerto, creemos que mi padre era el último que quedaba", aseguró Amparo. Las obras de todos ellos se recogieron en Art i propaganda. Escondidos en un estudio Vicente Vila nació en Valencia el 30 de abril de 1908 "casi con un lápiz en la mano, dibujaba todo el rato desde muy pequeño". Estudió Bellas Artes en la Escuela de San Carlos, donde obtuvo el premio extraordinario de fin de carrera. "Los carteles de la Guerra Civil los fue escondiendo en un estudio de Valencia y años después recuperó todos los rollos". Gracias a esto, su obra está catalogada en la Universidad de Valencia, la de Barcelona, la Fundación Pablo Iglesias, o el Archivo Histórico de Salamanca, entre otros centros de arte y cultura. "Como no tenía adscripción política, cuando acabó la Guerra Civil pudo salir de Valencia y nos fuimos a Madrid". Allí trabajó en los estudios de decoración y publicidad de productoras cinematográficas como Cifesa y Samuel Bronston: "Pintaba los carteles que anunciaban las películas en los cines y trabajó en los decorados de 55 días en Pekín". También era ilustrador de libros: "Algunos aparecen en la película El florido pensil, porque las portadas de los libros con los que estudiábamos entonces, sobre todo las de la editorial SM, las hacía él". Pero "seguía sintiéndose cartelista y se presentaba a casi todos los concursos", muchos de los cuales ganó, como los de Fallas de 1941, 1942, 1943 y 1944; los de la Feria de Julio valenciana en 1941 y 1951, o los de la Corrida de la Beneficencia de Madrid en 1975 y 1978. "Fue menos conocido porque sólo le preocupaba mantener a su familia, y pintar y pintar", opinó ayer su hija. Con sus óleos, retratos y paisajes del natural en acuarela participó también en numerosas exposiciones y certámenes. Hasta su jubilación fue además profesor de dibujo en la Escuela de Artes y Oficios de Madrid. "A pesar de su edad, hasta el último día mantuvo la mente lúcida y la afición a la pintura".
Lila Pérez-Gil, El Pais, 30.06.09
I ate insects to live, says Pol Pot torture survivorOne of the few survivors of a notorious Khmer Rouge torture centre from which thousands of people were despatched to their deaths has revealed how he and the other inmates scrabbled to find insects to eat to avoid starvation and ate their paltry meals alongside the corpses of those who had died. At times he thought about eating the remains of the dead.
Van Nath, an artist who dodged death only because of his ability to produce a portrait of the regime's leader, Pol Pot, told a genocide trial in Cambodia that although he escaped with his life 30 years ago he was still shackled by his memories. Wiping away tears as he launched into a series of harrowing recollections, the 63-year-old said: "My suffering cannot be erased – the memories keep haunting me." As he gave his testimony the white-haired survivor was face to face with his jailer, Kaing Guek Eav, also known as "Comrade Duch", the head of Tuol Sleng jail where Mr Nath was held between January 1978 until January 1979. Duch is one of five former regime members being tried by the joint UN-Cambodian inquiry. "We were so hungry, we would eat insects that dropped from the ceiling. We would quickly grab and eat them so we could avoid being seen by the guards," said Mr Nath, who lost two children during the four years the Maoist-inspired regime controlled the country. "We ate our meals next to dead bodies, and we didn't care because we were like animals. The conditions were so inhumane and the food was so little. I even thought eating human flesh would be a good meal." In a country where 1.7 million people died at the hands of the Khmer Rouge either by execution, starvation or disease, Mr Nath is that rare thing: a survivor. Of the estimated 14,000 people sent to Tuol Sleng to be tortured and interrogated before being dispatched for execution at "killing fields" on the edge of Phnom Penh, barely a dozen are known to have lived through it, and just six are still alive today. Mr Nath said the only reason he survived was because Duch learned that he was a trained artist. He was quickly asked to produce portraits of Pol Pot, the regime's leader who died in 1998. "I survived because Duch felt good when he walked into my workshop," he said. But he also revealed details of the torture suffered before Duch learned of his talents. He was beaten, electrocuted, had his fingernails pulled out, and also underwent a form of "water-boarding". Prisoners, he said, were fed six teaspoons of rice porridge a day. Duch, who showed little reaction as he watched Mr Nath give evidence, is the first former Khmer Rouge leader accused of crimes against humanity to go on trial. The others are deputy leader or "Brother Number Two" Nuon Chea, the former foreign minister Ieng Sary; the former social affairs minister Ieng Thirith; and the former head of state Khieu Samphan. Duch, now 66, was arrested in 1999 after a journalist found him working for a Western aid group in northern Cambodia, having converted to Christianity. Earlier this year as final preparations were being made for the long-awaited tribunal, The Independent interviewed Mr Nath in his gallery in Phnom Penh. Almost every painting was starkly produced in dark colours. Many showed torture and execution. "I cannot escape from being a witness," he said at the time. "It is so hard for me to tell you. I suffered so much from that prison; that is why I have been so sick." Mr Nath said he had either witnessed everything he painted or else was told about it by other prisoners. "Now I have the ability to testify before this chamber. This is my privilege, this is my honour," he told the court. "I do not want anything more than justice."
Andrew Buncombe, The Independent, 30.06.09 En Guinée-Bissau, les narcotrafiquants sud-américains dictent leur loiAu coeur de la nuit, le bar sans nom sur le port de Bissau semble la seule lumière dans l'obscurité d'une ville privée d'éclairage public. Sous l'ampoule anémique se laisse deviner une mince parcelle du trafic de drogue à échelle industrielle qui s'est développé en Guinée-Bissau, pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest ravagé par la pauvreté, une guerre civile (1998-1999) et une culture nationale de l'assassinat politique.
Assis à une table, l'homme est nerveux. Carlos, appelons-le ainsi, a le bout du nez brûlé par la consommation de crack (dérivé de cocaïne) fumé dans des petites pipes. La flamme du briquet a laissé les chairs à vif. Carlos préfère affirmer qu'il a été blessé d'un coup de dent rageur de sa petite amie. Notre compagnon s'agite dans son bleu de chauffe taché. Il renverse sa bière, lève les bras au ciel, s'impatiente. Ce soir, il attend l'équipage d'un cargo italien auquel il dit avoir prêté main-forte pour charger discrètement de la cocaïne. A présent, le capitaine doit le "récompenser" en nature. Pour achever la transaction, il les suivra dans les bars du centre, où sont attablés des hommes silencieux, lunettes noires, 4 × 4 garés à proximité, et qui rient aux éclats quand on leur demande ce qu'ils font dans la vie. Ce ne sont là que les petits parrains locaux, notamment nigérians, de la redistribution locale de cocaïne. Pour le gros du trafic, il faut sillonner les quartiers périphériques, fureter à proximité des villas où les responsables sud-américains et leurs hommes gèrent les arrivées et les départs de tonnes de cocaïne, tout en évitant de se montrer. Réseau global et consommation locale, gros profits et risques d'explosion politique, voici résumé à grands traits l'impact de la transformation brutale d'un petit pays perdu en plate-forme de réexportation de la cocaïne sud-américaine vers l'Europe. Le problème est régional, à la taille de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Depuis 2005, "au moins 46 tonnes" de cocaïne ont transité en Guinée-Bissau et dans les pays voisins, relève le Bureau des Nations unies contre les drogues et le crime (ONUDC). La valeur de cette cocaïne en transit ? Près de 2 milliards de dollars (1,4 milliard d'euros) chaque année. De quoi faire tourner les têtes en Guinée, au Ghana, en Sierra Leone ou dans les pays voisins, têtes de pont du réseau. Le volume du trafic croît, les prises s'espacent, le système politique se laisse gangrener par les narcodollars : la cocaïne promet des lendemains violents en Afrique de l'Ouest. La Guinée-Bissau est la première touchée. Les assassinats politiques liés à des querelles entre groupes militaires et politiques rivaux s'y multiplient. Certains responsables bissau-guinéens auraient constitué des milices avec l'argent des trafiquants, dans l'attente du résultat de l'élection présidentielle de ce dimanche 28 juin. "C'est un pays tellement fragile", soupire Franco Nulli, délégué de la Commission européenne dans le pays, avant de rouler des yeux à la première question sur la drogue et de vous congédier. La Guinée-Bissau ne s'est pas encore transformée en narco-Etat. Les cartels ne s'y livrent pas à des règlements de comptes sanglants dans les rues assoupies du centre-ville, leurs chefs étant plus soucieux de discrétion que de rivalités suicidaires. Mais, déjà, la consommation locale de drogue s'envole. Les groupes de la région impliqués dans les trafics (notamment nigérians et mauritaniens), souvent payés en cocaïne, ont la gâchette facile et la lame de couteau rapide. Et en dépit de l'aide de l'ONUDC à l'appareil judiciaire, les trafiquants vivent dans l'impunité, alors que la politique locale est déjà sous influence des narcotrafiquants. Antonio Mazitelli, représentant régional de l'ONUDC, constate : "Les cartels utilisent le pays comme base logistique en profitant de l'existence de groupes rivaux au sein du pouvoir. Pour l'instant, le plus dangereux, c'est la compétition entre les groupes locaux qui gèrent la dimension locale du trafic." Car la compétition entre petits réseaux de "mules" fait déjà des morts. Luis Vaz Martins, avocat et président de la Ligue guinéenne de défense des droits de l'homme, essaie d'enquêter sur le sujet : "La cocaïne tue, surtout lorsqu'un groupe retient une certaine quantité de drogue qu'il doit livrer pour maintenir la pression sur ceux qui doivent payer." Il travaille avec une prudence de chat sur le cas de deux commerçants libanais récemment criblés de balles dans son voisinage, et sur de curieux assassinats en mer, "lorsque des éléments concurrents de la marine se sont tiré dessus". Un groupe de responsables militaires avait développé des aires d'atterrissage dans le sud du pays. Notamment à Kufar, juste à côté d'une caserne. Les "Gulf Stream" avec des systèmes de ravitaillement pour traverser l'Atlantique y atterrissaient avec, dans leurs soutes, "une tonne à une tonne et demie de cocaïne", estime un expert. L'intervention de l'ex-chef d'état-major, Tagmé Na Wai, a été décisive pour bloquer le trafic, en faisant fermer des pistes et en menaçant d'abattre tout avion survolant le territoire bissau-guinéen. Depuis, le trafic emprunte d'autres voies, par mer, arrivant dans les îles Bijagos, où abondent d'étranges petits hôtels sans clients, ou par air. "On peut organiser des atterrissages n'importe où. On arrive à construire une piste en deux semaines", commente, abattu, M. Mazitelli. Pendant ce temps, la violence gagne. Tagmé Na Wai a été pulvérisé dans un attentat en mars, entraînant l'assassinat du président de la République, Nino Vieira. Des morts prévisibles ? "Tagmé leur a fermé le robinet, assure une source judiciaire qui supplie pour ne pas être identifiée. Il fallait s'attendre à une vengeance."
Jean-Philippe Rémy, Le Monde, 30.06.09
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